Il telefono rosso tra Mosca e Washington
Di eduardo=
lubrano 20 giu<=
/span>,
2012
Per anni è stato chiamato ed
immortalato come un solo telefono rosso al quale i presidenti di Usa ed Urss
potevano chiamarsi direttamente. In realtà la linea rossa era un sistema di comunicazione.=
span>
&=
#8220; Per
uso in tempo di emergenza, il Governo degli Stati Uniti d’America e il
Governo della Repubblica Socialista Sovietica sono d’accordo nello
stabilire, nei tempi tecnici necessari, un collegamento per la comunicazione
diretta tra i due Governi ”. Era
il 20 giugno del 1963.
Cominciava
così il Memorandum d’intesa firmato a Ginevra dalle =
due
potenze che istituiva quella che per anni fu chiamata la linea
rossa. La necessità di una comunicazione diretta senza intermedi=
ari
tra i due paesi, era urgentemente venuta alla ribalta nel 1962 durante la c=
risi
di Cuba e della mancata installazione
dei missili sovietici nell’isola, quando si andò ad un pas=
so
da una guerra.
Immortalat=
a da
film e documentari come un telefono rosso a disposizione dei
presidenti americano e sovietico in realtà era un si=
stema,
messo a punto dalla Harris Corporation=
a>
della Florida comprendeva due
telescriventi (quello che si diceva rimaneva sc=
ritto),
un circuito per il telegrafo a doppio filo=
(Washington-Londra-Copenhagen-Stoccolma-Helsinki-Mosca=
) e un
secondo circuito a doppio filo per il radio-telegrafo (Washington-Tangeri-Mosca),
entrambi attivi 24 ore su 24.
La prima o=
ccasione
di utilizzare il sistema fu nel 1967, durante la Guerra
dei Sei Giorni tra Israele ed Egitto, Giordania e Siria. Ci fu una
trasmissione di 20 messaggi: in America c’=
;erano
Bob McNamara, ministro della Difesa e il presi=
dente Lyndon Johnson, in Russi=
a il
Premier Alexei Kosyghin=
span>. Un telefono fu installato tre anni dopo, nel 1970, con
l’aggiunta di due sistemi satellitari e di un cavo sottomarino.=
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